Our friend, nutritionist, coach and general guru Noel Sutton has written us a piece on Booze and how it affects men and women differently.
How does alcohol affect or impact on Cardiovascular health?
I'm going to declare my own personal bias first. I'll tell you also what the research says, and then next week discuss the effects of booze on performance and recovery.
I've loved wine since I was young, I love the history, theatre, stories. I'm interested in the process and really enjoy the experience of drinking it. But I'm happy to only drink a couple of glasses and stop. That hasn't always been the case! But generally, I drink very little these days.
I see a lot of the problems that alcohol cause. And my view is that it's not a positive influence on society, again this hasn't always been the case, and is 100% just my opinion.
I guess my personal bias is a bit odd, I both love and hate it. It's been a long journey of experience for me, but genuinely I wouldn't miss it if it left the planet. I'd miss my personal taste and experience of it, but not what it does to society.
What, though, is Cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
It’s not just Coronary Heart disease, that is a part of CVD. It includes the heart and arteries so would include things like stroke, arterial disease and aortic disease as well.
There are some predispositions that you can't do much about genetics or being type 1 Diabetic for example. Your age, gender and ethnicity can also increase your risk. This obviously doesn't mean it will happen, but it might mean it’s more likely to be something that could happen.
There are then more modifiable risk factors, smoking being one. Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle will increase your risk as will a poor diet. We think that probably the factors that will make the biggest difference to high blood pressure are weight loss, exercise and not smoking.
I was asked about Cholesterol the other day, and what was a good total cholesterol number. It’s not really the total cholesterol number that we want to look at. Total Cholesterol is a combination of LDL + HDL. LDL is the bad guy as it carries cholesterol to and into cells, where it can cause issues such as build up/plaque. HDL is the good guy as it carries cholesterol away from the cells and back to the liver where its recycled or excreted.
NICE (2017) guidelines suggest an optimal level of total cholesterol as less than 5mmol/L. LDL should be less than 3mmol/L and HDL more than 1mmol/L for Men and more than 1.2mmol/L for Women.
Rimm et al (1999) showed that approx 30g per day of alcohol increased HDL cholesterol but also Triglycerides. So this moderate intake (2-ish glasses of wine per day) seems to be beneficial because of the increase in HDL.
They say "On the basis of published associations between these biomarkers and risk of coronary heart disease 30g of alcohol a day would cause an estimated reduction of 24.7% in risk of coronary heart disease."
Corral et al (2000) found a moderate intake lowers the risk of CVD (but that excessive intake is also detrimental).
Zhao et al (2017) interestingly have questioned the research and in particular the inclusion of former drinkers as abstainers in many studies.
I think this is important as the health benefits of being teetotal are blurred by including former drinkers in the same group. Why did someone stop drinking? Damaged health, alcoholism. Their poor health may not be due to being teetotal but rather due to the former excessive drinking?
So, the research suggest 1-2 glasses of wine per day is good, it doesn't say save it up and drink all your weeks’ worth in one go, it doesn't say moderate all week and then a binge at the weekend. So, I reckon if you can stick to moderate that's good, otherwise my opinion is that it's something you should consider reducing.
It's a difficult subject and I don't want to preach as I'm in a fragile glasshouse myself. In terms of weight loss and athletic performance booze is not good. It has lots of calories and will negatively affect your athletic performance and recovery.
It does help relaxation somewhat and going back to the Blue Zones that I've talked about a lot, most of them drink moderately....as recommendations above.